JavaFX is the Java API for Java based UI programming.
JavaFX is the Java API for Java based UI programming. There are books, documentation, forums and more dedicated to writing applications in JavaFX and can be easily found with a Google search on "JavaFX".
From a Raspberry Pi perspective, JavaFX is supplied with the current Raspbian distribution (as of 2015-04-15). This shows up with:
$ java -version
java version "1.8.0"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0-b132)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 25.0-b70, mixed mode)
Later versions of Java from Oracle no longer contain the JavaFX distribution as it has now been open sourced to OpenJDK.